For emergency physicians, critical care physicians, hospitalists, cardiologists, internists, surgeons, and family physicians, the current approach and disease indications for treatment with anticoagulants such as coumadin, Factor IIa, and Factor Xa inhibitors are particularly relevant. When a patient treated with anticoagulants presents to the Emergency Department, Intensive Care Unit, or Operating Room with severe, uncontrollable bleeding, achieving rapid, controlled hemostasis is critically important to saving the patient’s life.